China is now projecting its Internet power abroad using state-sponsored DDoS attacks, malware, client-side filtering and surveillance, economic sanctions, more

Those outside the People's Republic of China (PRC) are accustomed to thinking of the Internet censorship practices of the Chinese state …

Electronic Frontier Foundation 2019-10-11 Danny O'Brien

Discussion

@eff @eff on x
In attempting to silence protests that lie outside the Firewall, in full view of the rest of the world, China is revealing the tools countries can use to silence dissent or criticism worldwide. https://www.eff.org/...
@kenroth Kenneth Roth on x
Big backlash against e-sports giant Activision Blizzard for suspending a player who voiced support for the Hong Kong pro-democracy protests during a live broadcast. People are tiring of businesses extending China's censorship worldwide. https://www.nytimes.com/... https://twitter…
@blakersdozen Blake Montgomery on x
Scoop: Blizzard employees walked out of work yesterday over the company's decision to ban a pro-Hong-Kong professional Hearthstone player. They held an all-day protest at the Orc statue in the center of the company's Irvine campus. https://www.thedailybeast.com/ ...
@lauriechenwords Laurie Chen on x
“Apple's deep business interests in China, which include a majority of its consumer electronics supply chain, mean that in almost all cases, it abides by the country's censorship policies and its sensitive reactions to any and all criticism of the Chinese government.” https://twi…
@scriptjunkie1 Scriptjunkie on x
Today's reminder, when your app platform is centrally controlled and it is prohibitively expensive and time-consuming to install unapproved apps, ("just get a macbook and xcode") you are enabling censorship. https://www.theguardian.com/ ...
Vox Peter Kafka on x
Apple cracked China when Facebook and Google couldn't. Now that's a problem for Apple.
@jackmurphylive Jack Murphy on x
Apple removes Hong Kong crowdsourcing app from it's store. They say it's unsafe to tell people where the police are. By this logic, Apple should remove the WAZE app as well. The police location crowdsource feature is one of it's best benefits. https://www.theverge.com/...
@pinboard @pinboard on x
If you submit a Winnie the Pooh app to the App store, who gets it pulled first, Disney lawyers or China?
@studentactivism Angus Johnston on x
So, I promised to say more about this, but @Pinboard beat me to it, so go read that thread. Apple's justifications for pulling down the http://hkmap.live/ app make no sense. https://twitter.com/...
@ravi_hiranand Ravi Hiranand on x
This map is incredibly useful. I use it every weekend — not to smash things, not to attack the police, but simply to get around Hong Kong without running into a road filled with tear gas or blocked by protesters. https://twitter.com/...
@charlesmok @charlesmok on x
Tim Cook defends Apple's removal of Hong Kong mapping app //Charles Mok, HK legislative council member, wrote to Cook saying he was “deeply disappointed with Apple's decision to ban the app, and would like to contest the claims made by HK police force.// https://www.theguardian.c…
@jason_koebler Jason Koebler on x
this is the worst CEO letter i've seen and we've been reporting on a lot of them lately https://www.reuters.com/...
@jonyiveparody @jonyiveparody on x
“We believe this decision best protects our u̶s̶e̶r̶ s̶ manufacturing interests.” FTFY @tim_cook https://twitter.com/...
@hipster_trader Hipster on x
TLDR profits are all that matters https://twitter.com/...
@thomholwerda @thomholwerda on x
“Genocidal dictatorship told us the application was dangerous, and we believe them because we are 100% dependent on them.” https://twitter.com/...
@aaschapiro Avi Asher-Schapiro on x
Recall that Apple (& Google) were totally fine w/hosting the Saudi App “Absher,” that among other things, gives men an easy interface to control the travel of women, & foreigner workers. https://www.hrw.org/... https://twitter.com/...
@pinboard @pinboard on x
@hkmaplive The police in today's briefing used hypothetical language because every observer of Hong Kong protests knows such ambushes have not happened. Tim Cook, in his internal memo to Apple employees, changed this to make it sound as if these attacks on police had already happ…
@terencechantl Terence Chan on x
The defence @tim_cook made is weak, as we HKers have been subjected to police violence for months now. You cannot trust the Hong Kong police. You cannot trust the Hong Kong government. There is no substantial evidence to support the claims that this app violated laws in HK. https…
@ultim8boon @ultim8boon on x
@Techmeme @getongab @gruber “The app does not show an absence of police, it shows concentrations of police, tear gas, riot flags etc” Set aside the fact that showing concentrations of X lets you deduce lack of X elsewhere. The “house” icon showed safe zones, which presumably did …
@pinboard @pinboard on x
@hkmaplive Cook wrote “we received credible information, from the Hong Kong Cybersecurity and Technology Crime Bureau, as well as from users in Hong Kong, that the app was being used maliciously to target individual officers for violence and to victimize individuals and property”
@pinboard @pinboard on x
@hkmaplive So the Hong Kong police spokesman today contradicted Tim Cook's account. Cook also said the app is “in violation of Hong Kong law” Neither Cook nor anyone speaking for the Hong Kong government has been able to point to a law that this app contravenes, because no such l…
@kantrowitz Alex Kantrowitz on x
When you've lost the fireball... https://daringfireball.net/...
@neilcybart Neil Cybart on x
Here's Tim Cook on why Apple removed the HKMap. live app from the App Store in Hong Kong. It's a strong statement. Cook claims the facts point to the app being used to “target individual officers for violence” and “victimize individuals and property...” https://www.bloomberg.com/…
@pinboard @pinboard on x
This is important. Note the hypothetical language used here by Hong Kong police—they contacted “several app stores” (presumably including Apple) with the complaint that @hkmaplive “could leak the officers' whereabouts, which could facilitate the criminals to ambush our officers.”…
@zeynep Zeynep Tufekci on x
@Apple @tim_cook @hkmaplive Thread on why @tim_cook's email to Apple employees on its HK map ban makes no sense. The claims make no sense and have no evidence. Plus, police locations aren't secret! It's a small city. The key function of the app is to *avoid* the police/tear gas h…
@kantrowitz Alex Kantrowitz on x
Shorter Tim Cook: I will take principled stances when Apple can profit off them. https://www.reuters.com/...
@gruber John Gruber on x
I can't recall an Apple memo or statement that crumbles so quickly under scrutiny. For a company that usually measures umpteen times before cutting anything, it's both sad and startling. https://daringfireball.net/...
@spencerdailey Spencer Dailey on x
@Techmeme @gruber Honest question - who is scarier: a strongman dictator who is open with his beliefs or a gentle soul CEO who has an MLK Jr poster hanging in his office that can jump through the mental gymnastics necessary to aid the strongman dictator?
@wongmjane Jane Manchun Wong on x
Fuck you Tim Cook https://www.reuters.com/...
@mat Mat Honan on x
“National and international debates will outlive us all” Well that's some cowardly bullshit. https://www.reuters.com/...
@williambiii William Buchanan on x
@Techmeme @getongab @gruber Under his theory any app the governments use to target individuals should also be banned. Face recognition, etc...
@pinboard @pinboard on x
@hkmaplive @charlesmok This is a chance for Mr. Cook to make amends by stepping into the arena. He would be warmly welcomed in Hong Kong, he would have a chance to see with his own eyes what is happening here, and he would leave perhaps more in touch with the values that Apple st…
@pinboard @pinboard on x
@hkmaplive @charlesmok But Mr. Cook also owes an explanation to the people of Hong Kong who are marching in the millions to fight for values he claims to profess. I urge Mr. Cook to come to Hong Kong and meet with Mr. Mok, with first aiders, young demonstrators, and see the situa…
@pinboard @pinboard on x
@hkmaplive @charlesmok Mr. Cook owes his employees a truthful explanation of why Apple chose to ban this app. At best, he has taken the words of the hostile police force the app is designed to protect people from at face value, without checking his facts. At worst, he's not inter…
@pinboard @pinboard on x
@hkmaplive @charlesmok Mr. Cook says the app is “in violation of Hong Kong law,” but neither he or anyone else at Apple has specified which law this is. At a press conference today, Hong Kong authorities didn't know either, and deferred all questions on the matter to Apple. https…
@pinboard @pinboard on x
@hkmaplive @charlesmok The second, related allegation is that the app helps “victimize individuals and property where no police are present”. Again, does Mr. Cook have any evidence for this claim? The app does not show an absence of police, it shows concentrations of police, tear…
@yaqiu @yaqiu on x
At this point, shouldn't @Apple have already figured out that there is no end to the kowtowing? Show some courage and vision in your leadership, @tim_cook. https://twitter.com/...
@marcorubio Marco Rubio on x
Recognize what's happening here. People who don't live in #China must either self censor or face dismissal & suspensions. China using access to market as leverage to crush free speech globally. Implications of this will be felt long after everyone in U.S. politics today is gone. …
@ronwyden Ron Wyden on x
Blizzard shows it is willing to humiliate itself to please the Chinese Communist Party. No American company should censor calls for freedom to make a quick buck. https://kotaku.com/...
@lackofrealism Kevin Hovdestad on x
Not everyone at Blizzard agrees with what happened. Both the “Think Globally” and “Every Voice Matters” values have been covered up by incensed employees this morning. pic.twitter.com/I7nAYUes6Q
@brad_glasgow Brad Glasgow on x
Hearthstone commentator @bmkibler wrote about Blitzchung. Says he thinks Blitzchung should have been punished, but that Blizzard's punishment was disproportionate. As a result, he will not have anything to do with Grandmasters until something changes. https://medium.com/...
@leedygogo Lee Dy Gogo on x
Video games, to me, are children of freedom. They are the product of minds that broke boundaries and expanded the world. The worst thing a game company can ever do is sell its juridical soul to oppression. #boycottBlizzard https://twitter.com/...
@slasher Rod Breslau on x
just as the NBA's original Chinese Weibo statement was pretty harsh on Daryl Morey compared to the English statement, Blizzard's official Hearthstone Weibo post made an additional comment condemning blitzchung and defending ‘the pride of China’ https://twitter.com/... https://twi…
@lokmantsui Lokman Tsui on x
hey @Apple , just a gentle reminder that you had the courage to remove the headphone jack. https://twitter.com/...
@mollymckew Molly McKew on x
China is having an awesome couple weeks showing how they can yoink everyone around by the purse strings. https://twitter.com/...
@danprimack Dan Primack on x
Activision Blizzard stock is off 1%.
@centerofright Vijay on x
This thread and how China goes to great extent to infiltrate and influence https://twitter.com/...
@beijingpalmer James Palmer on x
Apple has been one of the most consistent companies in rolling over when the CCP whistles, and should be getting more shit for it. https://twitter.com/...
@chinausfocus @chinausfocus on x
“Republican Sen. Marco Rubio on Wednesday asked the U.S. government to open an investigation into TikTok, the wildly popular, Chinese-owned social media app,” reports @washingtonpost. Read the full article here: https://www.washingtonpost.com/ ... https://twitter.com/...
@punishedhag @punishedhag on x
oh hey, Kibler's stepping down from casting hearthstone events. If you don't know him he's like a huge card game celeb with tons of fans and pull. He's “professional” about it and avoids directly attacking blizzard's politics but him ditching their competitive play is kinda huge.…
@dellcam Dead Cameron on x
Blizzard appearing very hypocritical here. Hearthstone player was punished for a political statement, which is against the rules, but Blizzard's response was overboard, and seems equally political. via @bmkibler: https://medium.com/... https://twitter.com/...
@theredshirtguy @theredshirtguy on x
Good on them. Between employees within Blizzard and the community, hopefully this awful situation will be rectified. https://www.thedailybeast.com/ ...
@michaelkpate Michael K Pate on x
One thing is for sure: If Blizzard thought they could do this quietly, they should clean house of everyone involved in the decision. https://www.techmeme.com/...
@genepark Gene Park on x
wow @bmkibler's statement on Blizzard's actions got so much traffic, he had to repost it on Medium https://medium.com/...
@dannypage Untitled Danny Page on x
Kibler isn't going to be an announcer for Blizzard due to how they have handled recent issues; this is huge. All the respect to him. https://twitter.com/...
@kendricswissh Kendric on x
One of better statements about the whole Blizzard against twitter affair regarding the recent Hearthstone incident, it's logical and neutral. 90% of the tweets I have read on this subject have been pure (out)rage. Kudos to Kibler for being professional! https://twitter.com/...
@grummz Mark Kern on x
Chinese game companies have grown huge not just because of market size, but because the government subsidizes them. They get free land, free offices, and huge infusions of cash. This cash was and is used to do expand and buy up stakes in US gaming companies.
@grummz Mark Kern on x
I take a huge risk by saying this. China monitors all social media and I know this means that we will probably never get an investment from China for my new MMO, and probably never get a license to operate there.
@grummz Mark Kern on x
I have watched China slowly take over as the dominant investing force in gaming and movies over the years. It's a shame US companies never believed as strongly as China and Asia in investing in games, but this allowed China to have unprecedented influence over our media.
@grummz Mark Kern on x
Unfortunately, US and European companies are loath to take risks and invest in game companies legally as much as China was. China remained one of the few places mid tier studios could get funding. So again, China influence grew. I'm sure this is the same for movies as well.
@grummz Mark Kern on x
But now we are in a situation where unlimited Communist money dictates our American values. We censor our games for China, we censor our movies for China. Now, game companies are silencing voices for freedom and democracy. China is dictating that the world be authoritarian.
@grummz Mark Kern on x
I've seen firsthand the corruption of Chinese gaming companies, and I was removed from a company I founded (after Blizzard) for refusing to take a 2 million dollar kickback bribe to take an investment from China. This is the first time I've ever spoken pubically about it.
@fmanjoo Farhad Manjoo on x
We thought economic growth and technology would liberate China. Instead, it's corrupted us. We've been wrong about China for 40 years. It's time we understood the cost. My column on our bad bargain with the world's most powerful totalitarian state: https://www.nytimes.com/...
@dellcam Dead Cameron on x
as one of my coworkers just pointed out, a “small group” of people staging a walk out at a major company like this is far more impressive than a large group. there's safety in numbers. https://twitter.com/...
@jimgeraghty Jim Geraghty on x
A once-trendy and popular cause that gradually disappeared from the American popular consciousness as our economy grew more intertwined with China's: https://www.nationalreview.com/ ... https://twitter.com/...
@hkmaplive @hkmaplive on x
1. We disagree @Apple and @hkpoliceforce 's claim that HKmap App endanger law enforcement and residents in Hong Kong. #HKmap #HKmaplive #HK #Censorship
@hkmaplive @hkmaplive on x
2. There is 0 evidence to support CSTCB's accusation that HKmap App has been used to target and ambush police, threaten public safety, and criminals have used it to victimize residents in areas where they know there is no law enforcement.
@pinboard @pinboard on x
So @hkmaplive has shared what purports to be an internal email from Tim Cook to Apple employees. As a user of the app, and an observer of the Hong Kong protests, I would like to address two serious allegations in this email that I believe are false. https://pastebin.com/... https…
@michaelbd Michael Brendan Dougherty on x
It's not just a problem that Apple withdrew the app, depriving democracy advocates of a tool, it's that they did so while endorsing the CCP's interpretation of the facts. https://www.nytimes.com/...
@michaelbd Michael Brendan Dougherty on x
By withdrawing this app for these stated reasons. Tim Cook is allowing his company to be a character witness on behalf of Chairman Xi in the dispute over Hong Kong. Is this what he meant by changing things through “engagement?” https://twitter.com/...
@hkmaplive @hkmaplive on x
3. HKmap App never solicit, promote, or encourage criminal activity. 4. HKmap App consolidate information from user and public sources, e.g. live news stream, Facebook and Telegram
@carnage4life Dare Obasanjo on x
Next time Apple tells us that “privacy is a human right” as justification for blocking cookies and other attacks on Google's ads business, it'll be good to remember how they acted when it was about actual human rights. Business strategy as morality is 👎 https://www.nytimes.com/..…
@rmac18 Ryan Mac on x
Arguing HK protestors employed an app to ambush police, when the argument came from a state-run paper is irresponsible. Do some reporting. Talk to people on the ground. Don't both sides this and justify a trillion dollar co kowtowing to a gov based solely on what that gov says. h…
@hkmaplive @hkmaplive on x
An anonymous source provided an @Apple internal email from @tim_cook https://pastebin.com/... Tim said Apple received “credible information” the App is used for illegal activity, therefore the App is illegal. We also received incredible information that those guy used iPhone.
@hshaban Hamza Shaban on x
Apple's China week: - removed the Taiwan flag emoji from iOS 13 for users in Hong Kong - removed the Quartz news app from the Chinese App Store over its Hong Kong protest coverage - removed HKmap, a crowdsourced mapping app used by Hong Kong residents https://www.theverge.com/...
@pinboard @pinboard on x
@hkmaplive @charlesmok I tweeted an example earlier of Hong Kongers using anonymous AirDrop to coordinate a protest the day the day after police shot a high schooler. If the police tell Mr. Cook to shut the feature down, will he do that too? https://twitter.com/...
@panzer Matthew Panzarino on x
3. Tech companies, however, go on endlessly about doing good and making humanity better and moral compassing left and right. Can't have it both ways. Either you have a moral stance and you trade with that multiple, or you shut up about it and become ruthlessly amoral.
@panzer Matthew Panzarino on x
Anyway I made a joke about this companies allowing china to dictate policy thing but honestly it's not joke worthy. Some thoughts: 1. Companies must comply with local laws to do business 2. Business is the point of a company
@lannydavis Lanny Davis on x
https://www.nytimes.com/... via @NYTimes When will US consumers boycott all ⁦@Apple⁩ products and China products and any company (including ⁦@NBA⁩ ) that yields to dictatorial censorship and economic extortion by China. Chinese government beware - You need US consumers.
@fmanjoo Farhad Manjoo on x
2 yrs ago Apple removed the NYT app from the Chinese App Store. I argued app censorship (vs web blocking) was a more dangerous kind of censorship — gives the gov a central point to block. You can't easily bootleg an app that's gone. I was right! https://www.nytimes.com/... https:…
@danprimack Dan Primack on x
2/ None of which is to discount the lack of courage, or lack of conviction, that some US companies are showing this week.
@danprimack Dan Primack on x
As I wrote yesterday in Pro Rata newsletter: US companies are in no-man's land when it comes to China — in part because of a lack of D.C. leadership. It's very different to inject oneself into domestic politics vs. foreign, and WH is inconsistent on messaging, thus no cover.
@pranavdixit @pranavdixit on x
Maybe we should all do what @gruber does whenever he links to a Bloomberg story ("Bloomberg, of course, is the publication that published “The Big Hack..."): Use a disclaimer for every Apple story we write. “Apple, of course, is the company that keeps bowing to Chinese pressure.”
@comparativist Dr. Trey on x
truth. HK police sightings apps, maps, and Telegram channels are used to *get away* from police. There's an argument that it *assists* HKPF because they want ppl to scatter when they start raising flags & shooting. Ppl on the ground often don't know where to go, partly sorrounded…
@hkmaplive @hkmaplive on x
5. Most of the contents are user-generated, and we allow users to down vote for moderator review. Moderator will delete contents that “solicit, promote, or encourage criminal activity”. Repeated attempt will be banned.
@nytimes @nytimes on x
In Opinion @fmanjoo writes, “A darker truth is now dawning on the world: China's economic miracle hasn't just failed to liberate Chinese people. It is also now routinely corrupting the rest of us outside of China.” https://www.nytimes.com/...
@jchengwsj Jonathan Cheng on x
Meanwhile, Google has suspended an Android-only app, “Revolution of Our Times,” a role-playing mobile game that puts you in the shoes of a Hong Kong protester, able to buy protective gear while also facing the risk of arrest or death. @HongKongFP https://www.hongkongfp.com/...
@webbhk Webb-site on x
While @Apple flip-flops and kowtows, @GooglePlay doesn't care because it has zero China biz. Anyway, Apple's Safari browser will take you there if you want: https://hkmap.live/, until HK Gov tries to block it with Emergency Regulations. https://twitter.com/...
@semil @semil on x
These days, I keep thinking about an old line, paraphrased: “There's a right to free speech, but that speech may also come with a cost.”
@wongmjane Jane Manchun Wong on x
I found @hkmaplive useful for avoiding cops amid tensions because of their abusive behavior towards millennials Now it's gone, thanks Apple 😡 https://twitter.com/...
@hkmaplive @hkmaplive on x
7. The majority of user review in App Store that suggest HKmap IMPROVED public safety, not the opposite.
@lordzzedd Optimist Z on x
Your reminder that capitalism isn't about doing the right thing, just the profitable thing. https://twitter.com/...
@tolmasky Francisco Tolmasky on x
This was the predictable result for app stores and why “storeless” (web) is better. What matters is for everyone to have a voice, which is the default of the web and *antithetical* to a review process. The point of review is to filter: and you're not in control of the filter. htt…
@rajupp Raju PP on x
This is so damn ridiculous. Apple bending backwards to please China. Same with most tech companies. https://twitter.com/...
@lucasmtny Lucas Matney on x
“Letting poisonous software have its way is a betrayal of the Chinese people's feelings,” said the article, which was written under a pseudonym, “Calming the Waves.” https://twitter.com/...
@backlon Dieter Bohn on x
Excited to see the Apple App Store, paragon of consistency, ban Waze tomorrow. https://www.theverge.com/...
@yannnnnn111 Yannnnnn on x
@Apple choose to kneel before China! Apple removed the app HKmap that report location of police from App Store after pro-Beijing media @PDChina criticise them. This shows clearly CCP want to control the word. Plz fight against it tgt! https://www.nytimes.com/...
@puiwingtam Pui-Wing Tam on x
It seemed like only a matter of time before Apple would get drawn into the political tensions around China. Few multinational companies have more to lose there. @jacknicas https://www.nytimes.com/...
@jacknicas Jack Nicas on x
The same week Chinese state media skewered Apple for approving an app that helps Hong Kong protesters track police, the Chinese government appears to have gotten Apple to pull the Quartz app there. More context: Apple pulled the @nytimes app in China in late 2016. https://twitter…
@crtejada Carlos Tejada on x
“Today, what I have lost in Hearthstone is four years of time,” he said, referring to the years he spent playing the game. “But if Hong Kong loses, it would be the matter of a lifetime.” https://www.nytimes.com/...
@willoremus Will Oremus on x
Last week, Apple rejected a Hong Kong maps app that let protesters track police. Critics speculated Apple was trying to appease China, but lacked proof. Yesterday, Apple approved the app on appeal, and Chinese state media blasted the company. So, yeah. https://onezero.medium.com/…
@jkeefe John Keefe on x
Apple just took the Quartz app out of the Chinese app store at the request of China, and http://qz.com is now blocked from mainland China. Our excellent @qz coverage of ongoing Hong Kong protests may be the reason: https://qz.com/...
@gordongchang Gordon G. Chang on x
We also need a “revolution” at #Google, the #NBA, #ESPN, and #Apple to free these businesses from #China. https://twitter.com/...
@sophiehrw Sophie Richardson on x
Oh, come on, @Google, tell us all about your “sensitive events policy”?! ‘Revolution of Our Times’: #HongKong protester role-playing game suspended from Google Play Store https://www.hongkongfp.com/... via @hongkongfp @hrw_chinese
@shiraovide Shira Ovide on x
Oof. https://www.wsj.com/... https://twitter.com/...
@comparativist Dr. Trey on x
This one angers me more than HKmaps ban. You can make edge case arguments about live maps and assisting illegality, but this was just a damn text-based RPG game some kids designed on @lihkg_forum to put people in the shoes of a Hong Kong protester. WTF, @Google https://twitter.co…
@conarck Ben Conarck on x
Good example of why news outlets can't afford to cede publishing to the tech giants. We need to be in charge of distribution of our content, not FB, not Apple. https://twitter.com/...
@aaschapiro Avi Asher-Schapiro on x
Apple has decided to remove the news website Quartz from the Chinese App Store. Quartz says its retaliation for its “ongoing coverage of the Hong Kong protests.” This is not new territory for Apple—they did the same thing to the New York Times in 2017. https://www.theverge.com/..…
@bryanjfischer Bryan Fischer on x
When China tells Apple and Google to jump, their only question is how high. https://www.wsj.com/... @WSJ
@elkmovie Michael Love on x
Fun fact: Google Play just recently started doing App Review and didn't tell anyone. https://www.androidpolice.com/ ... https://twitter.com/...
@realrobcopeland Rob Copeland on x
Hong Kong police asked @Google to remove a protest-related app. Google said: OK. https://www.wsj.com/...
@pinboard @pinboard on x
Super sporting move here by Google. They had a chance to make Apple look bad by allowing freedom of expression to Hong Kongers, but in a magnanimous gesture to their competitor, decided to do some censorship of their own. https://twitter.com/...
@mhbergen Mark Bergen on x
I mean, @googleplay, c'mon. https://twitter.com/...
@mhbergen Mark Bergen on x
https://twitter.com/...

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China is now projecting its Internet power abroad using state-sponsored DDoS attacks, malware, client-side filtering and surveillance, economic sanctions, more

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