Just 7% of decision-makers at 227 US venture capital firms are women, and women control just 4.7% of all venture dollars raised in the past 5 years by US firms
Dan Primack / Axios :
Context & Ripple Effects
This is the third installment of the annual VC headcount census Dan Primack built at Fortune, now published under his Axios byline after his departure from Term Sheet. The series has become the benchmark for tracking partnership composition: the 2015 count found 5.6% female senior partners across 191 firms, and last year's edition put female decision-makers at 5.7% of 282 firms — so the move to 7% at 227 firms is the first visible uptick in the series.
The dollar-side figure is the sharper point: women controlling just 4.7% of capital raised over five years means the people deciding where checks go remain overwhelmingly male even as the census inches up, a gap corroborated by [[a:868513|the finding that only 10% of global venture funding from 2010-15 went to startups with at least one woman founder]].
First-order effects
- The 227 firms counted now have a public, comparable number attached to their partnership composition — the roughly three-quarters of firms with zero female decision-makers can be identified by omission, which is precisely how the prior two editions were used as shaming benchmarks.
- For Primack personally, publishing the census at Axios rather than Fortune tests whether the franchise's influence travels with its author; the methodology shift (227 vs. 282 firms) also makes year-over-year comparison imperfect.
Second-order effects
- The persistent gap between who writes checks and who receives them keeps pressure on allocators: institutional LPs gain a quantified metric to press GPs on hiring, and founder-side data like all-female founding teams receiving ~2.2% of the $85B VCs invested in 2017 becomes the counter-metric activists cite against the 7% figure.
- Rival outlets and trade groups are incentivized to build competing datasets — the census's annual cadence created the demand for numbers like PitchBook's, which later supplied the unicorn cofounder tracking showing 14% female representation, up from 5% a decade earlier.
Third-order effects
- If the pattern holds — roughly one percentage point of decision-maker share per year, per the 2015-2017 arc — partnership turnover, not new fund formation, remains the binding constraint on when composition changes materially, since seats open only when partners retire or funds raise.
- The deeper structural question the series sets up is whether capital allocation follows headcount: with women still controlling under 5% of dollars raised, the industry's response eventually organizes into dedicated vehicles and networks like [[a:937140|All Raise, which placed 14 women into senior roles in Q2 2018 while ~75% of firms still had no female partners]] — parallel structures rather than integration being the likelier medium-term path.
The trend: Annual headcount censuses have turned VC partnership diversity into a tracked, comparable metric that moves slowly through partner-seat turnover while the dollars controlled lag even further behind.