Twitter open sources a portion of its code on GitHub, including its algorithm for recommending tweets in For You but excluding its ad recommendation algorithm

As repeatedly promised by Twitter CEO Elon Musk, Twitter has opened a portion of its source code, including the algorithm it uses …

TechCrunch 2023-04-02 Kyle Wiggers

Context & Ripple Effects

Twitter’s release follows an earlier debate over whether source code alone can make a recommendation system intelligible when its behavior also depends on data and operational context. That limitation is central to the subsequent researchers’ finding that the For You release lacked enough context to fully account for recommendations.

The scope also stops at advertising recommendations, drawing a practical boundary between visibility into the consumer feed and the system tied to monetization. Earlier proposals went further, envisioning a marketplace for user-selectable algorithms rather than a one-time code disclosure.

First-order effects

Developers and researchers can inspect and test the released For You recommendation code, giving Twitter a concrete artifact against which to assess its public transparency claims.
Twitter retains control over ad recommendation logic; advertisers and outside auditors do not receive equivalent visibility into the monetization-side ranking system.

Second-order effects

Public scrutiny can shift from broad claims about algorithmic opacity to specific implementation choices in the released feed code, while missing data and deployment context limit what outside review can establish.
The split release makes commercial ranking systems a more visible fault line: platforms can disclose parts of consumer-facing recommendation infrastructure without exposing advertising optimization.

Third-order effects

If partial releases become the standard, algorithmic transparency may increasingly mean publishable code plus selective operational disclosure—not independently reproducible explanations of what users actually see.
The more durable governance question is whether users and auditors gain meaningful choice or accountability; source availability alone does not create either, as the earlier expert critique of code-only transparency anticipated.

The trend: This is one data point in the shift from opaque platform ranking toward selectively inspectable recommendation systems, with real transparency depending on the data, runtime context, and choices disclosed alongside code.

Discussion

Twitter Twitter on x
Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
Twitter Twitter on x
A new era of transparency for Twitter
@rodhilton@mastodon.social Rod Hilton on mastodon
You can tell that they were added very very recently because author_is_elon is above those lines, and additions are very clearly made by appending them to the file with no other ordering applied. …
@kjhealy@mastodon.social Kieran Healy on mastodon
Hardworking Twitter engineers scrubbing the Elon parameters I have some bad news for you about how git works
@chockenberry@mastodon.social Craig Hockenberry on mastodon
WHERE THE HELL IS AUHTOR_IS_CHOCK
@kjhealy@mastodon.social Kieran Healy on mastodon
They didn't turn off Issues or Pull requests, and you can imagine what's going on inside each.
@danluu@mastodon.social Dan Luu on mastodon
The new stuff in the Twitter algorithm is wild. — “author is elon”, “author_is_republican”, “author_is_democrat”, etc., are explicit terms that are special cased. — https://github.com/...
@elonmusk Elon Musk on x
Twitter recommendation source code now available to all on GitHub https://github.com/...
@twittereng @twittereng on x
Today marks a new era of transparency for Twitter. 🧵 We're sharing much of the source code that powers our platform with the world. Visit our blog to learn more about this initiative: https://blog.twitter.com/...
@mnateshyamalan Soul Nate on x
oh my god. i swear to you this is real. the algorithm source code literally has a carve out just for elon's posts https://twitter.com/...
@elonmusk Elon Musk on x
Most of the recommendation algorithm will be made open source today. The rest will follow. Acid test is that independent third parties should be able to determine, with reasonable accuracy, what will probably be shown to users. No doubt, many embarrassing issues will be... https:…
@zoeschiffer @zoeschiffer on x
The code that was released today doesn't show the parts that actually alter the scores of Elon and other users. The part of the code referenced below just tracks Elon stats (from what I know). Employees removed most PII before the code was released. https://twitter.com/...
@broderick Ryan Broderick on x
Musk being asked about this live on Spaces right now. Says “it shouldn't be there.” “There's a ton of stupid and embarrassing things being shown by making the code open source.” https://twitter.com/...
@amasad Amjad Masad on x
The 4 types of Twitter posters, according to the just open-sourced algorithm 😯 https://github.com/... https://twitter.com/...
@zoeschiffer Zoë Schiffer on x
Still, apparently Elon is pretty displeased this part of the code was released 🙃
@wongmjane Jane Manchun Wong on x
Twitter “the-algorithm” repo is now public https://github.com/... https://twitter.com/... https://twitter.com/...
@mnateshyamalan Soul Nate on x
lmaooo someone submitted a pull request called “better recommendations on timeline” and all it does is hide the tweets of anyone who pays for twitter https://twitter.com/...
@colin_fraser Colin Fraser on x
incredible https://github.com/... https://twitter.com/...
@beyang @beyang on x
Twitter's algo is LIVE on @sourcegraph with FULL compiler-accurate code nav! 👇 https://sourcegraph.com/... https://twitter.com/...
@kateconger Kate Conger on x
On a Twitter Space, Elon is disavowing the part of the code that classifies users as Democrat or Republican, says it should be removed. He didn't address the “author_is_elon” classifier. https://twitter.com/...
@kateconger Kate Conger on x
Twitter open-sourced its algorithm: https://github.com/...
@wongmjane Jane Manchun Wong on x
Twitter's algorithm specifically labels whether the Tweet author is Elon Musk besides the democrat, republican and “VIT” / “Power User” (I think it means legacy verified) labels https://github.com/... https://twitter.com/...
@olafurw Ólafur Waage on x
Twitter just released source code for “the algorithm” Oh, what file is this? Predicates for tweets on the home timeline? Oh what is that 2nd image? https://twitter.com/...
@elonmusk Elon Musk on x
Twitter will be updating its recommendation algorithm based on user suggestions every 24 to 48 hours
@martinsfp @martinsfp on x
More than anything, this is incredibly US-centric. Most of the world isn't a Democrat *or* Republican. https://twitter.com/...
@goldengateblond Shauna on x
suddenly all the reduced engagement for some of us and exploding engagement for others makes sense https://twitter.com/...
@edzitron Ed Zitron on x
He has no idea what is going on with his website https://twitter.com/...
@bindlecore @bindlecore on x
hovering 7 inches off the ground https://twitter.com/...
@nickpickles Nick Pickles on x
More transparency to build trust - today we're open sourcing our code, and providing detail on how our recommendation algorithm works. https://twitter.com/...
@stuartpstevens Stuart Stevens on x
Wait, it's not enough that we have to provide all the content for Twitter, now we have to write the code? https://twitter.com/...
@sarah_edo Sarah Drasner on x
I love open source https://twitter.com/...
@francissuarez Mayor Francis Suarez on x
.@elonmusk has taken a monumental step towards restoring transparency and trust in Twitter and tech companies worldwide by publishing its algorithmic code and spending time discussing it w the public in an open forum. https://twitter.com/...
@dancow Dan Nguyen on x
Having an if-elon-then-plusgood in the code wouldn't surprise or bother me tbh. I mean it's *his* site and at least it's nakedly transparent But Elon didn't know this flag existed, nor did his team bother to tell him? And yet he wants to rebuild the codebase from scratch? LOL htt…
@carnage4life Dare Obasanjo on x
The Twitter algorithm is now on GitHub. Conservatives can now prove they are being shadow banned. 🙃 https://twitter.com/...
@rmac18 @rmac18 on x
Pretty great that Twitter hosted this on GitHub, which it hit recently with a subpoena to compel it to unmask the person who leaked its whole source code.
@leodarcy1 Leo D'Arcy on x
@wongmjane And there is already an issue to remove it 🤣https://github.com/...
@jeffjarvis Jeff Jarvis on x
Ah, well, then, this explains it all. https://twitter.com/...
@jdvance1 J.D. Vance on x
This is a huge deal. Could very well be the Rosetta Stone of modern digital censorship. Every major social media company should follow Twitter's lead. https://twitter.com/...
@pt Parker on x
America's four political parties. https://twitter.com/...
@jason @jason on x
Ok @tiktok_us @facebook @instagram @YouTube, you're up... tell us how you're programming us and our kids #transparency https://twitter.com/...
@fmanjoo Farhad Manjoo on x
When you hard code the CEO into your ranking algorithm Can't believe this is real but it is https://github.com/... https://twitter.com/...
@rmac18 @rmac18 on x
The guy who is speaking on a Twitter space with Elon Musk right now has a pinned tweet featuring a video of himself sucking on someone's toes. Twitter 2.0, baby.
@techgirl1908 Angie Jones on x
read: can y'all please help us figure out how this algorithm works cuz everyone who knew is now gone https://twitter.com/...
@goldman Jason Goldman on x
This shit is truly hilarious. It's reported he threw a fit because of his lower engagement and so they boosted him. And then he can't explain on a call about the open sourcing of the algorithm why there'd be an explicit flag just for him. It's so great. https://twitter.com/...
@anthony Anthony DeRosa on x
I asked ChatGPT-3 to analyze the Twitter source code: https://twitter.com/...
@kylenabecker Kyle Becker on x
This is great. Get all the gremlins out! @ElonMusk https://twitter.com/...
@rmac18 @rmac18 on x
the discussion on this Elon Musk open algorithm space can best be summarized as https://twitter.com/...
@jason @jason on x
That wasn't so hard... now let's see the @instagram algorithm and what it's doing to teenage girls @finkd https://twitter.com/...
@spikereacts_ Spike on x
I had ChatGPT analyze the twitter source code to find out how to go viral. This is what I found. https://twitter.com/... https://twitter.com/...
@leokelion Leo Kelion on x
Twitter has made its recommendation algorithm open source, incl its models to detect toxic tweets, abusive content and NSFW material. It's a huge act of faith and it'll be interesting to see how it will deal with those who inevitably try to exploit it. https://github.com/...
@chrismessina Chris Messina on x
Boom, #TheAlgorithm is live! https://github.com/... https://blog.twitter.com/... /tip @techmeme
@kjhealy@mastodon.social Kieran Healy on mastodon
PS: People saying, “Meh, the module is just for collecting data on whether various A/B feature changes end up being good or bad for Elon personally” do not seem to understand how very entertaining it is to see Elon inserting “Benefit to Me” as an evaluation metric.
@wongmjane Jane Manchun Wong on x
Twitter's algorithm specifically labels whether the Tweet author is Elon Musk “author_is_elon” besides the Democrat, Republican and “Power User” labels https://github.com/... https://twitter.com/... https://twitter.com/...
@mahdi @mahdi on x
I asked Elon Musk why his name is hard coded here in Twitter Algorithm repo; you can listen to the answer yourself... and the Space finished right after that 🤭 https://github.com/... https://twitter.com/...
@wongmjane Jane Manchun Wong on x
Part of Twitter's algorithm specifically designates Jack Dorsey, Katy Perry, Stephen Curry and Barack Obama as “testing accounts” for getting random Tweets for testing, with an emphasis on Katy Perry in particular https://github.com/... https://twitter.com/...
@suzuki_takaya Takaya Suzuki MD, PhD on x
I wish the engineer won't be fired today... https://twitter.com/...
@fredwalton216 Fred Walton on x
6) FT: “Still, apparently Elon is pretty displeased this part of the code was released.” 🙃 https://twitter.com/...
@mashable @mashable on x
Musk said he had no idea it was doing that! https://mashable.com/...
@clarajeffery Clara Jeffery on x
Unless the Democrat/Republican tags are assigned only to elected officials... wtf does this mean? Are the scrapping voter registration databases and cross referencing? Vibes? What? https://twitter.com/...
@davezatz Dave Zatz on x
Given the purchase price, he deserves it. https://twitter.com/...
@mattbinder Matt Binder on x
elon was asked about this on Twitter Spaces and he said “this is the first time i'm seeing this” and said they should change it he also decided that the person who asked him about it would be the last speaker and ended the Space right after https://twitter.com/...
@barnacules @barnacules on x
Told you 🤦‍♂️ This is because legacy checkmarks get a low weight and the system needed a way to differentiate Elon Musk since he has the same legacy checkmark ✅ https://twitter.com/...
@carnage4life Dare Obasanjo on x
It's even funnier to think they tried to remove all the places where Elon had been hard coded into the Twitter algorithm before releasing the code but missed one. $44B to become the most popular user on Twitter🤦🏾‍♂ ️https://twitter.com/... https://t.co/XdR8GhGesD
@tante @tante on x
Elon Musk is really such a weakling. https://twitter.com/...
@jasoncwarner Jason Warner on x
Ahhhhhh the hallmark of our modern democracy, the four political party system of the US https://twitter.com/...
@mattbinder Matt Binder on x
Twitter's algorithm is specifically tracking tweet metrics for four groups: - power users - republicans - democrats and... - elon musk https://twitter.com/...
@aakashg0 @aakashg0 on x
1. Likes, then retweets, then replies Here's the ranking parameters: • Each like gets a 30x boost • Each retweet a 20x • Each reply only 1x It's much more impactful to earn likes and retweets than replies. https://twitter.com/...
@aakashg0 @aakashg0 on x
Twitter revealed its algorithm to the world. But what does it mean for you? I spent the evening analyzing it. Here's what you need to know:
@pashakamyshev Pasha Kamyshev on x
https://twitter.com/...
@zoeschiffer Zoë Schiffer on x
This has been a big priority for Musk — one he's specifically called out with individual scams that he's seen / others have pointed out to him. https://twitter.com/...
@pantibliss Dr Panti Bliss-Cabrera on x
Like, he's just awful, but the thing is here, if he just said, “Yeah, I bought the fucking thing, it's mine, so I'll shove every one of my tweets into your timeline cos I fucking can”, I'd respect that. I'd block him (I have anyway) but I'd respect it. But this pretend nonsense🙄 …
@sebsilbermann Sebastian Silbermann on x
Twitter didn't just open source their recommendation algorithm. They also revealed how you get a perfectly stable and fast CI: exit 0 https://github.com/...
@mahdi @mahdi on x
Twitter has removed that code in this commit 🥸 https://github.com/...
@wongmjane Jane Manchun Wong on x
Twitter's algorithm downranks crypto spams 😌 https://github.com/... https://twitter.com/...

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