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Chronicles

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ADL survey of 2,139 US people: 33% of adults and 51% of teens aged 13 to 17 reported being harassed online in 2023, up from 23% and 36%, respectively, in 2022

More than half of Americans say they have experienced hate or harassment online, according to a new survey from the Anti-Defamation League

Axios Ina Fried

Context & Ripple Effects

This survey extends the ADL's earlier measure of severe online harassment, which found substantial exposure among Americans in 2018 in a prior ADL survey of severe harassment. It also places teens within a broader record of harassment across online communities, including reported harassment among US gamers.

The sharp year-over-year increase in self-reported harassment gives advocates and platforms a clearer signal that younger users' experiences merit separate attention rather than being folded into adult averages.

First-order effects

  • ADL and other safety advocates gain updated evidence that reported online harassment rose for both adults and teenagers, with teenagers reporting the higher rate.
  • The age split makes teen safety a more immediate focus for services, schools, and families evaluating online-risk policies.

Second-order effects

  • Platforms facing scrutiny over safety practices may be pressed to show whether reporting, moderation, and youth-protection tools address harassment rather than merely publish policies.
  • The findings can reinforce public concerns about social media's social effects, alongside earlier polling that linked the services to radicalization in respondents' views of social media's role in radicalization.

Third-order effects

  • If repeated across surveys, a widening or persistent youth-adult gap would strengthen the case for measuring platform safety outcomes by age group, not just aggregate user metrics.
  • The pattern points toward online safety becoming a more central test of platform legitimacy, with pressure likely to focus on prevention and accountability rather than awareness alone.

The trend: Rising reported harassment is part of a broader shift toward treating youth online safety and platform governance as measurable public-interest issues.

Discussion

  • @yaeleisenstat Yael Eisenstat on x
    Hate & harassment online ⬆️ sharply for both adults & teens. Joined @MSNBC @Morning_Joe to discuss our findings and what can be done to reverse this normalization of hate. Social media companies must do better. And lawmakers have a role to play too. Watch: https://www.msnbc.com/.…
  • @axios @axios on x
    More than half of Americans say they have experienced hate or harassment online, according to a new survey from the Anti-Defamation League, with a dramatic rise in incidents over the last 12 months, especially among teens. https://www.axios.com/...
  • @morning_joe @morning_joe on x
    “Social media platforms are not taking necessary steps to protect users from online harassment, leading to record rises in hate and abuse.” — @YaelEisenstat on the failure of social media companies to prioritize user safety https://www.msnbc.com/...
  • @glaad @glaad on x
    “Online hate and harassment isn't just ‘hurtful speech.’ It pushes people out of the conversation, impinging on their own freedom of expression, causing emotional distress, reputational and economic harm.” - @YaelEisenstat @adl Via @axios @inafried: https://www.axios.com/...
  • @jgreenblattadl Jonathan Greenblatt on x
    Online hate and harassment have devastating consequences, harming individuals and communities. The newest @ADL survey found record levels of hate across the internet. Too often, hate turns into violence and danger. Read more here: https://www.adl.org/...
  • @inafried Ina Fried on x
    About to go live on @WTOP to talk about the latest study showing a sharp rise in online hate and harassment. It's across all demographics but trans, LGBQ, Black and Muslim people are seeing the most harassment, with teens hit harder than adults. https://www.axios.com/...
  • @sarahkateellis Sarah Kate Ellis on x
    The highest level of online hate and harassment reported by @ADL's annual study is among trans Americans, with more than half saying they were targeted in the past year. Nearly half of LGBQ+ people said they also faced online harassment in the past year. https://www.axios.com/...
  • @axios @axios on x
    Americans saw a dramatic increase in online hate and harassment incidents in the past year — especially among underrepresented religious and ethnic groups and LGBTQ+ people. https://www.axios.com/...