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Unusual disk latency

The following screenshot shows two spikes of unusually high disk I/O latency during a streaming write test:  —  This screenshot is from Analytics on the 7410.  The issue is not with the 7410, it's with disk drives in general.  The disk latency here is also not suffered …

Brendan Gregg

Context & Ripple Effects

Written at the start of 2009, this post captures the moment when storage observability tools made the messy internal behavior of mechanical drives visible to operators. It sits alongside contemporaneous claims that flash could deliver 100x faster SSD writes, which reframed spinning-disk latency from an accepted constant into a solvable problem. The post also foreshadows later corpus findings that drive behavior varies sharply by manufacturer, such as Backblaze's data showing Hitachi drives failing far less often than Seagate or WD.

First-order effects

  • Operators running streaming write workloads on the 7410 can now attribute latency spikes to the disk drives themselves rather than suspecting the appliance, changing where troubleshooting starts.
  • The Analytics screenshots make drive-level I/O latency directly observable, turning what was previously anecdotal 'slow disk' complaints into measurable evidence.

Second-order effects

  • If ordinary drives exhibit unpredictable latency under sustained writes, buyers gain a reason to weigh flash alternatives and per-vendor reliability data — the kind of variance later quantified in Backblaze's drive-failure comparisons.
  • Storage vendors face pressure to either smooth out these latency spikes in firmware/analytics or lose latency-sensitive workloads to SSD-based systems promising orders-of-magnitude faster writes.

Third-order effects

  • Mechanical drives' inherent latency variability becomes a structural argument for flash-first architectures, accelerating the industry shift from capacity-centric to latency-centric storage design.
  • Deep instrumentation of storage internals — the discipline this post exemplifies — hardens into a standard expectation, making latency attribution a routine part of infrastructure operations rather than specialist forensics.

The trend: This post is an early data point in the displacement of spinning-disk storage by flash, driven not just by raw speed but by the unpredictability of mechanical latency that observability tooling made impossible to ignore.